Oikos 2: 259–270įarkas SR, Shorey HH (1976) Anemotaxis and odour-trail following by the terrestrial snail Helix aspersa. J Comp Physiol 136: 267–277Įdelstam C, Palmer C (1950) Homing behaviour in gastropodes. Behav Biol 19: 261–268Ĭroll RP, Chase R (1980) Plasticity of olfactory orientation to foods in the snail Achatina fulica. J Comp Physiol 148: 225–235Ĭroll RP, Chase R (1977) A long-term memory for food odors in the land snail, Achatina fulica. ![]() J Comp Physiol 143: 357–362Ĭhase R (1982) The olfactory sensitivity of snails, Achatina fulica. Baylor University, Waco pp 99–121Ĭhase R, Croll RP (1981) Tentacular function in snail olfactory orientation. In: Barker LM, Best MR, Domjan M (eds) Learning mechanisms in food selection. Science 151: 108–109Ĭapretta PJ (1977) Establishment of food preferences by exposure to ingestive stimuli early in life. SB Heidelb Akad Wiss Math-Nat Kl Biol Wiss Abh 1: 3–23īurghardt GM, Hess EH (1966) Food imprinting in the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina. Guilford, New York, pp 9–26īuddenbrock W von (1916) Einige Bemerkungen über den Lichtsinn der Pulmonaten. In: Weinberger NM, McGaugh JL, Lynch G (eds) Memory systems of the brain. The accessibility of the snail's nervous system should permit neuronal analysis of the mechanisms underlying such a unique and complex learning phenomenon.Īlkon DL (1985) Conditioning-induced changes of Hermissenda channels: relevance to mammalian brain function. ![]() The conditioning phenomenon underlying food-finding behavior has been called Food-Attraction Conditioning, and appears to be a crucial link between the ecologies of learning and foraging behaviors. These findings indicate that Helix do not possess a predisposition for the foods tested, and further suggest that processes underlying food-finding and food selection are strongly influenced by learning experiences. If the animals were fed a different food (but still tested for food-finding ability to the initially conditioned food) their orientation preference decreased gradually over a period of 5 days.Īlthough the snails' orientation is based upon olfactory cues, exposure to food odor alone is not sufficient to enable food-finding additional feeding related stimuli are necessary. The ability of snails to locate this particular food after a single feeding episode was maintained for at least 11 days, provided that the snails were not exposed to other foods in the interim. Snails that were fed apple or lettuce behaved like naive animals, with the majority of animals (75% in both cases) locating neither the carrot nor the potato. Conversely, potato-fed snails located the potato in 67% of the cases. ![]() After a single carrot feeding episode, 75% of the carrot-fed snails moved directly towards the carrot and ate it. Naive snails moved in different directions and did not locate either food above chance, although both foods were readily eaten upon direct contact. Adult pulmonate snails ( Helix pomatia) were released equidistant between two types of food, carrot and potato, respectively.
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